कुसुमाग्रजांचे "
कोलंबसाचे गर्वगीत", १९३६ ही एक मराठीतील cult कविता आहे. (पहा '
विशाखा', १९४२/२००३, पृष्ठ ५६-५७)
कोलंबसाचे खरे रूप जगासमोर १९३६साली मोठ्या प्रमाणात आले नव्हते. ते शिरवाडकरांना माहित असते तर त्या कवितेचे नाव नक्कीच वेगळे असते.
वि स खांडेकर फेब्रुवारी १९४२ साली 'विशाखा' साठी लिहलेल्या अर्ध्यदानात (प्रस्तावनेत) या कवितेबद्दल म्हणतात : "... मानवतेचे निशाण मिरवू महासागरात / जिंकुनी खंड खंड सारा' या कोलंबसच्या गीतातल्या त्यांच्या ओळी नवे जग निर्मू पाहणाऱ्या मानवालाही मार्गदर्शक आहेत ! नाही का?..." (पहा 'विशाखा', १९४२/२००३, पृष्ठ १५)
कोलंबसचा आणि मानवतेचा काहीही संबंध नव्हता: “...As an explorer, the Admiral of the Ocean Sea is widely
seen as an opportunist who made his great discovery without ever acknowledging
it for what it was, and proceeded to enslave the populace he found, encourage
genocide, and pollute relations between peoples who were previously unknown to
each other. He was even assumed to have carried syphilis back to Europe with
him to torment Europe for centuries thereafter. He excused his behavior, and
his legacy, by saying that he merely acted as God’s instrument, even as he
beseeched his Sovereigns, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, to enrich him and
his family. Historians have long argued that Columbus merely rediscovered the
Americas, that the Vikings, the Celts, and American Indians arrived in the “New
World” long before his cautious landfall....”
त्यामुळे तिथेच ती कविता कोलंबसची रहात नाही....शिवाय कवितेत कोलंबसच्या एकाही सफरीच्या हार्डफॅक्टस नाहीत. त्यामुळे कवितेचे नाव केंव्हाही बदलता आले असते...
मी
Laurence Bergreen यांचे '
Columbus: The Four Voyages, 1492-1504', २०११ हे पुस्तक वाचत आहे. आधीचे इंग्लिश अवतरण त्यातीलच आहे.
पहिल्या सफरी मध्ये सुरवातीलाच काय झाले ते पहा.
““I sailed to the West southwest, and we took more water
aboard than at any other time on the voyage,” wrote Christopher Columbus in his
logbook on Thursday, October 11, 1492, on the verge of the defining moment of
discovery. It occurred not a moment too soon, because the fearful and unruly
crews of his three ships were about to mutiny. Overcome with doubt himself, he
had tried to remind the rebels of their sworn duty, “telling them that, for
better or worse, they must complete the enterprise on which the Catholic
Sovereigns”—Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, who jointly ruled
Spain—“had sent them.” He could not risk offending his royal patrons, whom he
lobbied for ten years to obtain this commission, and so he insisted, “I started
out to find the Indies and will continue until I have accomplished that
mission, with the help of Our Lord.” And they had better follow his lead or
risk a cruel punishment.
Suddenly it seemed as if his prayers had been answered: “I
saw several things that were indications of land.” For one thing, “A large
flock of sea birds flew overhead.” And for another, a slender reed floated past
his flagship, Santa María, and it was green, indicating it had grown nearby.
Pinta’s crew noticed the same thing, as well as a “manmade” plank, carved by an
unknown hand, perhaps with an “iron tool.” Those aboard Niña spotted a stick,
equally indicative that they were approaching land. He encouraged the crew to
give thanks rather than mutiny at this critical moment, doubled the number of
lookouts, and promised a generous reward to the first sailor to spot terra
firma.
And then, for hours, nothing.
Around ten o’clock that night, Columbus anxiously patrolled
the highest deck, the stern castle. In the gloom, he thought he saw something
resembling “a little wax candle bobbing up and down.” Perhaps it was a torch
belonging to fishermen abroad at night, or perhaps it belonged to someone on
land, “going from house to house.” Perhaps it was nothing more than a phantom
sighting, common at sea, even for expert eyes. He summoned a couple of
officers; one agreed with his assessment, the other scoffed. No one else saw
anything, and Columbus did not trust his own instincts. As he knew from
experience, life at sea often presented stark choices. If he succeeded in his
quest to discover the basis of a Spanish empire thousands of miles from home,
he would be on his way to fulfilling his pledge to his royal sponsors and
attaining heroic status and unimaginable wealth. After all the doubts and
trials he had endured, his accomplishment would be vindication of the headiest
sort. But if he failed, he would face mutiny by his obstreperous crew,
permanent disgrace, and the prospect of death in a lonely patch of ocean far
from home....
....He would spend the rest of his life—and three subsequent
voyages—attempting to make good on that pledge. Many in Europe were inclined to
dismiss Polo’s account, by turns fantastic and commercial, as a beguiling
fantasy, while others, Columbus especially, regarded it as the pragmatic travel
guide that Polo intended. His attempt to find a maritime equivalent to Marco
Polo’s journey to Asia bridged the gap between the medieval world of magic and
might, and the stark universe of predator and prey of the Renaissance. Although
Marco Polo had completed his journey two hundred years earlier, Columbus
nevertheless expected to find the Mongol empire intact, and Kublai Khan, or
another Grand Khan like him, alive and well and ready to do business. But
Kublai was long gone, and his empire in ruins.
Protected by his delusion, Columbus conveniently concluded
that he had reached an island or peninsula on the outskirts of China, a leap
made possible only by omitting the Americas and the Pacific Ocean from his
skewed geography. And as for the promised reward, which should have gone to the
humble seaman, Rodrigo de Triana, who had first sighted land, Columbus decided
that his own vision of the glowing candle took precedence, and so he kept the
proceeds for himself.”
त्या कोत्या मनाच्या कोलंबसाने साधे जमीन दिसल्याचे बक्षीस सुद्धा आपल्या खलाशाला (Rodrigo de Triana) न देता स्वतःच्या खिशात टाकले!
Artist:
Mastroianni and Hart
illustrations by Jason Novak, captioned by Eric Jarosinski
