James Naremore, “Film Noir:
A Very Short Introduction”, 2019:
“Many people recognize a film noir when they see one—or so
we might assume from the numerous retrospectives, DVD sets, and books that deal
with the subject. But defining the term is notoriously difficult. It’s usually
associated with narrative, stylistic, and design qualities of black-and-white
Hollywood pictures from the 1940s and 1950s: drifters attracted to sexy women,
private eyes hired by femme fatales, criminal heists, corrupt police, young
lovers on the run, flashbacks, offscreen narration, shadowy interiors, dark
rainy streets, diners, swank nightclubs, snap-brim hats, cigarettes, hard
liquor, snub-nose revolvers, and hard-boiled dialog. (“Is there any way to
win?” Jane Greer asks Robert Mitchum in Out of the Past [1947]. “There’s a way
to lose more slowly,” he replies.)
Such films occupy a fictional zone somewhere between Gothic
horror and dystopian science fiction; as narrative formulas, they derive from
what Jean-Paul Sartre called the literature of “extreme situations” and what
Graham Greene called “blood melodrama”; and as commercial products, they blur
the distinction between formulaic entertainment and art films….”
story by Guru Dutt and Balraj Sahni
J. I. Baker, "LIFE Film Noir: 75 Years of the Greatest Crime Films", 2016:
"...The film genre that the French would eventually dub noir
(meaning “black”) was created when the visual tropes of German expressionism
(think the stark, angular chiaroscuro and Teutonic angst reflected in such
silent classics as Nosferatu and The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari) were combined
with the influence of the pulp and hard-boiled crime fiction that had been
popularized in large part by an American magazine called Black Mask. Influenced
by the terse realism of Ernest Hemingway’s fiction, the stories limned a seamy
world of fedoras, cheap booze, cheaper bars, guns and gumshoes, double-crossing
dames, cynicism, doomed boxers, doomed dreamers, doomed gamblers, and doom
itself. Often evocative but mostly pedestrian, the pulp tradition nevertheless
spawned three authentic geniuses: Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, and James
M. Cain...."
"Out of the Past", 1947, Jane Greer and Robert Mitchum