टिळकांचा जॉन स्टुअर्ट मिल्ल बद्दलचा २०व्या शतकाच्या सुरवातीचा द्रष्टेपणा उठून दिसतो...J S Mill and B G Tilak

गोपाळ गणेश आगरकर, जून १८९३ : 

 

"...जॉन  स्टुअर्ट मिलसाहेब, पुढील जन्मीही तुमच्या पायाशी बसून शिकता आले तर मला अतिशय समाधान लाभेल. जर आपणास माझे सर्वात प्रिय व आदरणीय गुरु होणे शक्य झाले आणि मलाही आपला सर्वात नम्र आणि अज्ञात शिष्य होणे जमले तरच हे सुख मला लाभेल..."

('आगरकर', य  दि फडके, १९९६)

 

आगरकर आणि लोकमान्य टिळकांचे मतभेद व्हायला  जॉन  स्टुअर्ट मिल्ल यांचे विचार पण कारणीभूत होते  का ?

 

फडक्यांच्या पुस्तकात  १८८५ रोजी टिळक आणि आगरकरांचे , न्यायमूर्ती रानड्यांच्या विरोधात, मिल्ल बाबत  एकमत दिसते (पृष्ठ ६६) पण नंतर टिळक बदलेले असावेत. आणि आज वाचताना टिळकांची मते मला अत्यंत योग्य वाटतात. 

 

सोबत टिळकांच्या १० सप्टेंबर १९०७ च्या ''मिल्लआणि मोर्ले" ह्या लेखातील दोन पाने देत आहे 

 

 

('लोकमान्य टिळक लेखसंग्रह', संपादक तर्कतीर्थ लक्ष्मणशास्त्री जोशी. १९६९-२०१३, पृष्ठ १७३, १७४)

 

टिळकांनी मिल्ल चा समाचार सुद्धा काही प्रमाणात घेतला आहे... 

 

इंग्लिश मध्ये मिल्ल  यांच्या विचाराचा Deepseek च्या मदतीने केलेला गोषवारा देतो   ... 

Mill's Justification of Empire

Mill justified empire primarily on utilitarian grounds, arguing that it could bring about greater overall happiness and progress. His reasoning can be summarized as follows:

1. The Civilizing Mission:
   Mill believed that more "advanced" societies (primarily European) had a duty to govern and "civilize" less developed nations. He argued that societies in what he called "barbarous" or "savage" states were not capable of self-government and needed the guidance of more enlightened rulers to achieve progress. This was a common justification for colonialism during the 19th century.

2. Temporary Rule for Progress:
   Mill saw imperial rule as a temporary measure, not a permanent condition. He believed that once the colonized peoples had been educated and "civilized," they would eventually be capable of self-governance. This idea was rooted in his belief in progress and the potential for human improvement.

3. Utilitarian Benefits:
   From a utilitarian perspective, Mill argued that empire could bring about greater overall happiness by spreading civilization, education, and economic development. He believed that the benefits to the colonized populations (e.g., improved infrastructure, education, and governance) outweighed the costs of losing their independence.

4. Economic and Strategic Interests:
   Mill also acknowledged the economic and strategic benefits of empire for the colonizing nations. As an employee of the British East India Company for much of his career, he was intimately familiar with the economic advantages of colonial rule. He saw empire as a way to secure resources, trade, and geopolitical influence.

   टिळक म्हणतात हे ब्रिटन भारत संबंधांना लागू नाही - मुळातून वर उद्धृत केलेले टिळक वाचा -  त्यामुळे ब्रिटन ला राज्य करायचा अधिकार नाही ... 

   Amitav Ghosh writes about J. S. Mill in his book 'Wild Fictions : Essays', 2025:

   "...In the last chapter of Provincializing Europe , you quote A.K. Ramanujan on
   how his father reconciled two apparently irreconcilable ideas. To my mind, the
   questions that are implied there are more appropriately addressed to Mill, who
   saw no conflict between his hobby of theorizing about liberty and his day job as
   the overseer of the Indian Empire. It was really he and others of his ilk who managed
   to believe two completely divergent things at the same time..." 

   टिळकांचा जॉन  स्टुअर्ट मिल्ल बद्दलचा २०व्या शतकाच्या सुरवातीचा द्रष्टेपणा उठून दिसतो...